When was the book of Proverbs written?
The book of Proverbs was written over a period of many centuries, with various authors that contributed to its masterpiece. Most historians agree its primary author was written by King Solomon, the son of King David, as early as the 10th century BCE.
The final form of the book was likely completed in the 5th century BCE during the Babylonian exile. Historical scholars are able to determine this timeline based on linguistic and literary analysis, historical context, and archaeological evidence.
For example, the Assyrian King Ashurbanipal, who lived between 668-627 BCE, was claimed to have a copy of what they called “The Sayings of The Wise,” referring to the wisdom literature found in the book of Proverbs. Furthermore, the “Instruction of Amenemope,” found amongst the Egyptians in ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature–has parallelisms that match the sayings of Proverbs and contextualizes the cultural traditions of that time period.
Finally, there are excavation sites such as Megiddo, Gezer, and Hazor in Israel that reveal artifacts and inscriptions that point to the validity of the wisdom literature found in the book of Proverbs. Overall, while these wisdom sayings were passed down orally, scholars are able to find remnants of evidence that validate the historical accuracy of this biblical text.
What is the purpose of the book of Proverbs?
The book of Proverbs is a collection of wise sayings, teachings, and instructions that provide guidance on how to live a wise and godly life. It is primarily focused on imparting wisdom and instruction to its readers in order to help them navigate the challenges and complexities of life.
The book covers a wide range of topics, including morality, ethics, relationships, business, finance, leadership, and spirituality. For instance, wisdom is personified as a woman throughout the book that you should seek with all your heart–and that she is more precious than the finest jewels in the world. The author contrasts that with the lustful woman–full of folly and destruction.
Moreover, Proverbs teaches about the fear of God. The Bible says, “Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (Prov. 9:10).” This fear is healthy and reminds us of our dependence upon a holy God who loves us infinitely and desires the best for us. God disciplines those whom he loves so that they will learn respect and obedience.
This wisdom literature from the Bible teaches on the importance of ethics and morality, such as being honest, kind, humble, and cultivating the fruit of the Spirit: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, gentleness, and self-control (Gal. 5:23). Additionally, when we cultivate high morals, it will provide wisdom to us concerning relationships–friendships, marriage, and family, and how mutual respect is integral to living a wise life.
Proverbs teaches on the importance of being careful with your words. The power of words and using speech in a wise and responsible manner is vital in the Christian life. For example, Proverbs 11:9 states: “Evil words destroy one’s friends; wise discernment rescues the godly.” Our words reflect what’s going on in our heart and that’s why the authors in Proverbs stress wisdom in this area.
Advice on work and wealth, including wise financial management, is also a common theme throughout Proverbs. “Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise (Prov. 6:6).” As you can see, the author is stressing the importance of being diligent with your hands for the glory of God. As other passages emphasize: “Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, this he will also reap (Gal. 6:7).”
I. Introduction to Proverbs 1: 1-7
The author introduces himself as Solomon, the son of David, and explains the purpose of the book. The main theme is stated: “To impart wisdom and instruction for living a godly life.”
As a dad with four children, I can attest that there is a desire for godly men who have experienced many life events to impart wisdom onto the next generation. I teach my own children how to respect others. For example, when we go out to a restaurant, I remind them to always say please and thank you when they order their food.
King Solomon also mentions wisdom as a personification of a woman who calls out to those who seek understanding and knowledge. I am blessed to have a wife who truly encapsulates wise advice and counsel. Whenever I am experiencing a hardship at work or am struggling with a decision to make, she is there to guide me through complex situations.
II. Warning against sinners Proverbs 1:8-19
The author warns his son to avoid the path of sinners and not to follow them. While this statement is common sense, it is a challenge to put into practice. There are many people who try to lure us into their schemes and it’s vital to have the wisdom of the Holy Spirit to avoid these temptations.
In verse 8-9, the author emphasizes the value of a parent’s instruction and the importance of following their guidance. When I was a child, I would disobey my parents because I incorrectly believed they would restrict my freedom. However, they actually set rules so that I would be freer.
I see the same thing with my own kids. They think we are being mean and overbearing, but in actuality–we have their best interests in mind. God does the same thing. He has commands for us to obey because when we do, our lives end up in a better state than before.
In verses 10-14, the author warns against the temptation to join a group of violent or dishonest people who lure others into their wrongdoing. Solomon said there is nothing new under the sun. When you turn on the television, the same kind of violence and destruction is happening in our society. It’s important not to let anger to get the best of you. Ephesians 4:6 exclaims: “Do not let the sun go down on your anger and give no opportunity to the devil.”
Verses 15-16 encourage the reader to avoid such people and not be swayed by their persuasions. In verses 17-19, Scripture describes the results of hanging out with the wrong crowd. Not only can it lead to danger and punishment, but also death.
Therefore, the only way to escape these traps is to chase wisdom and follow the righteous path. For Scripture states: “Broad is the way that leads to destruction, and many choose that path. Narrow is the way that leads to life, and few ever find it.” May we stay on that narrow road that leads to life!
III. The benefits of wisdom (verses 20-33)
Wisdom is personified as a woman who calls out in the streets, urging people to listen to her. She is shouting out and warning people to take heed to the instructions she is offering: security, peace, and understanding.
The word of God says that those who reject wisdom and choose a life of foolishness will face the consequences of their actions. In fact, the fool has said in his heart: “There is no god.” As believers, it’s imperative that we share our faith with unbelievers and show them the goodness and mercy of the Lord Jesus Christ.
IV. Conclusion
In Proverbs 1, it’s clear that the main theme is to fear the Lord and obey His commands. As believers, it’s vital that we apply these truths into our lives. For faith without works is useless. Furthermore, the apostle James said: “Be doers of the word and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves (Jam. 1:22).” May we apply these principles to our lives!
Conform to Jesus 
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