A Modern Bible Commentary on Proverbs 12:16-23

“A fool shows his annoyance the same day, but one who overlooks an insult is prudent (Prov. 12:16).”

King Solomon continues his wise sayings and teachings throughout the book of Proverbs. In this verse, “overlook” derives from the Hebrew word כָּלָ֑ה (kā·lāh). It denotes this idea of ceasing, coming to an end, or failing.

This contrasts the behavior of the fool. While the fools react quickly without thinking in a destructive way, the wise are sensible and don’t allow an insult to negatively affect them. The word for fool here is “כְּסִיל” (k’sil), which refers to someone who lacks wisdom, understanding, and discernment, and frequently acts in a manner that is reckless, shortsighted, or morally deficient.

Jesus told us in the gospel of Matthew 5:39: “But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.” This analogy fits well because Christians should not resort to anger when persecuted but be praying instead.

Dr. Michael Fox, a renowned scholar of Hebrew Wisdom Literature, interprets this verse in light of its context within the book of Proverbs. He emphasizes the importance of controlling one’s temper to prevent unnecessary conflicts and damage to relationships.

Fox suggests that the Hebrew word “kā·lāh” implies the avoidance of destructive behavior. Instead, individuals are encouraged to exercise patience and self-control, which can lead to reconciliation and peace.

Therefore, if you want to be wise, respond to others with kindness, practice empathy, maintain self-control, and seek resolution through dialogue. When you engage in constructive dialogue, you will address misunderstandings and find common ground. These attributes are much needed in the Christian community.

Cross-References:

• Proverbs 14:29: “Whoever is patient has great understanding, but one who is quick-tempered displays folly.”
• Ecclesiastes 7:9: “Do not be quickly provoked in your spirit, for anger resides in the lap of fools.”

“He who is truthful testifies honestly, but a false witness lies (Prov. 12:17).”

Dr. Tremper Longman, who is a scholar that specializes in Old Testament studies, suggests that the Hebrew word for truth or faithfulness – אֱמֶ֑ת (’ĕ·meṯ), signifies more than just factual accuracy. It encompasses integrity and sincerity in speech and action. In this verse, the focus is on speaking truthfully and not deceiving others.

The apostle Paul, with the gospel message as inspiration from Jesus, took this idea a step further by saying to speak the truth in love in Ephesians 4:15: “but speaking the truth in love, we may grow up in all things into him who is the head, Christ.” As believers, our goal is to give everyone an answer to the hope we have, with meekness and gentleness.

Furthermore, bearing false witness is serious and can be found in the Ten Commandments Exodus 20:16: “You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.” This commandment highlights the importance of truthfulness and integrity in legal proceedings and interpersonal relationships.

It emphasizes the moral obligation to refrain from lying or bearing false witness, as it can lead to unjust consequences, harm innocent individuals, and undermine the trust within the community.

Cross-References:

• Ephesians 4:25: “Therefore each of you must put off falsehood and speak truthfully to your neighbor, for we are all members of one body.”
• Psalm 15:2: “The one whose walk is blameless, who does what is righteous, who speaks the truth from their heart.”

“There is one who speaks rashly like the piercing of a sword, but the tongue of the wise heals (Prov. 12:18).”

The Hebrew word שְׂפַת־חָכָם (śə·p̄aṯ-ḥā·ḵām) means the tongue of the wise, and it represents those who speak in a manner that promotes healing and reconciliation rather than harm or discord. This makes sense, considering God is the author of truth. This is a great contrast with Satan–who is the father of lies.